How autism might show up

Traits Struggles Strengths
Differences in social communication
  • May struggle to figure out subtext or unspoken expectations
  • May have trouble with working out the meaning of tone (for example sarcasm)
  • May have trouble translating concepts into words or not be able to speak at all
  • May take things literally, leading to misunderstandings
  • May take longer than others to process information/questions
  • May be very blunt
  • Direct and clear in communication
  • Honesty
  • For some, strong "emotional empathy" - compassionate and justice-sensitive (Verrier 2024)
  • Often great attention to detail and a commitment to accuracy
  • Might be less likely to judge others’ differences harshly, or more likely to question norms which aren’t working well
Sensory processing differences
  • Sound or light sensitivity - easily distracted or even distressed
  • Difficult to work in busy places
  • May not notice when hungry, thirsty, or needing the toilet
  • May have very particular taste in foods which is harder to cater for when not at home
  • When overloaded/overwhelmed, may "melt down" (losing control of behaviour) or "shut down" (becoming unresponsive)
  • Auditory processing difficulties may lead to problems understanding speech
  • May be a strong visual thinker
  • May be a very fast reader (a subset of autistic people are "hyperlexic")
  • Able to focus very intensely when the sensory conditions are right
  • Attention to detail and analytic skills may be particularly good
"Restrictive and repetitive behaviour"
  • Difficulty with changed plans and interruptions
  • May become very focused on a particular subject of interest and find it hard to direct attention elsewhere
  • Repetitive movements ("stimming") may be judged harshly by other people
  • Often great at sticking to predictable routines - highly reliable
  • May develop great expertise in subjects of interest (which could be anything!)
  • Interest-motivated - connecting a task to something authentically interesting makes it easier!
  • Repetitive movements ("stimming") can be a great and reliable source for increased focus
  • Pattern-finding skills are often excellent